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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and potentially threatening disease of the pancreas, and some patients eventually develop to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Symptomatic support therapies such as rehydration therapy and anti-infection are still the main treatments. Lacking specific therapies is the main reason for the high mortality of AP patients, especially those with SAP. Premature trypsinogen activation is the most important pathologic cellular event in the pathogenesis of AP. The release of trypsin can cause self-digestion inside and outside of acinar cells, especially the release of cathepsin B can also cause a caspase-unrelated regulatory cell death (RCD) known as necroptosis, which is closely related to the development and prognosis of AP. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the mechanism of necroptosis in the occurrence and development of AP. This article reviews the mechanism of necroptosis and the research progress related to AP, in an attempt to provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of AP, and promote the better target drug development.
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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common diseases of the digestive system mainly characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas and acinar cell destruction, and it can often develop into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common and serious complications of SAP and a common cause of death in patients with SAP. In recent years, there have gained new understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of SAP-related ARDS, however, a variety of drugs that have been shown to prevent ARDS in SAP animal models have not improved the prognosis of SAP-related ARDS patients in clinical researches. At present, the treatment of SAP-related ARDS still follows the general treatment principles of ARDS, such as treatment of primary disease, lung protective ventilation strategy, prone position ventilation, early short-term use of neuromuscular blockers and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and so on. However, the influence of high intra-abdominal pressure, intestinal function failure, abdominal incision, and drainage tube on the treatment measures should also be considered for patients with SAP-related ARDS. This article reviews the recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of SAP-related ARDS.
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Objective:To study the effects of salidroside (Sal) on autophagy of pancreatic cells in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:Fifty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into the sham group, SAP group, Sal 15 group, Sal 30 group and Sal 60 group, 10 rats in each group. The sham group was injected retrogradely normal saline into pancreatic duct, while the 5% sodium taurocholate was injected retrogradely into pancreatic duct to establish severe pancreatitis model in the SAP group and all the Sal groups. Salidroside at different doses were intraperitoneally injected in all the Sal groups at 2 h after surgery. The serum amylase (AMY) activity and plasma tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot was used to detect the expression of pancreatic tissue protein. The histopathological changes of pancreas were observed under the light microscope. The data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0, and One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results:After salidroside intervention, the levels of TNF-α (28.1±0.9) pg/mL, the relative expression of p65 (0.52±0.01), AMY activity (3 801±292) and relative expression of p-mTOR were the lowest in the Sal 60 group (all P<0.05); while the relative expression of LC3 was the highest in the Sal 60 group (all P <0.05). The degree of pathological damage of pancreatic tissues was decreased with the increase of salidroside dose. Conclusions:Salidroside at different doses have protective effects on rats with severe pancreatitis, which seems to be most obvious in the Sal 60 group.
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OBJECTIVE： To analyze the formulation regularity of Chinese patent medicines containing Paeonia lactiflora， and to provide evidence for modern clinical application and R&D of P. lactiflora. METHODS： The formulations of Chinese patent medicine containing P. lactiflora were collected from Chinese Materia Medica Preparation and 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia. Statistical analysis was performed on the frequency of medicinal material， channel tropism， distribution of attending syndromes and attending diseases， core medicine combination （support degrees were set as 10％， 20％， 30％ and confidence degree was 0.9） by using data mining methods such as descriptive statistics and association rule analysis in TCM Inheritance System V 2.5； the formulation regularity of common attending syndromes and attending diseases （support degrees were set as 20％， 30％， 40％ and confidence degree was 0.9） was analyzed. RESULTS： A total of 600 Chinese patent medicine formulations contained P. lactiflora， involving 673 ingredients. The main medicinal properties in Chinese patent medicines containing P. lactiflora were warm， followed by cold and neutral. The main medicinal flavor was sweet， followed by bitter and pungent. The main channel tropism was spleen， liver and heart channel. There were 165 kinds of main treatment diseases （menstrual disorder， dysmenorrhea， dizziness） and 159 main treatment syndromes （insufficiency of qi and blood， qi stagnation and blood stasis， liver and kidney deficiency）. Under the condition of 30％ support degree and 0.9 confidence degree， there were 20 core combination of Chinese patent medicine formulations containing P. lactiflora （Glycyrrhiza uralensis-P. lactiflora， Angelica sinensis-P. lactiflora， P. lactiflora-Poria cocos） and 19 association rules among drugs. Under the condition of 40％ support degree and 0.9 confidence degree， there were 8 core medicines in Chinese patent medicines containing P. lactiflora for menstrual disorders （such as P. lactiflora， Cyperus rotundus， A. sinensis）， 9 core medicines for dizziness （such as P. lactiflora， Rehmannia glutinosa， A. sinensis）， 9 core medicines for qi and blood deficiency （such as P. lactiflora， Atractylodes macrocephala， P. cocos）， and 10 core medicines for qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （such as P. lactiflora， Aucklandia lappa， G. uralensis）. CONCLUSIONS： In this study， data mining was used to analysis the main symptoms， compatibility characteristics and formulation rules of Chinese patent medicines containing P. lactiflora， which can provide a basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of P. lactiflora.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be responsible for intestinal permeability in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) rats in our previous study. However, whether and how miRNAs regulate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D remains largely unknown. METHODS: We established the IBS-D rat model and evaluated it using the nociceptive visceral hypersensitivity test, myeloperoxidase activity assay, restraint stress-induced defecation, and electromyographic (EMG) activity. The distal colon was subjected to miRNA microarray analysis followed by isolation and culture of colonic epithelial cells (CECs). Bioinformatic analysis and further experiments, including dual luciferase assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were used to detect the expression of miRNAs and how it regulates visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats. RESULTS: The IBS-D rat model was successfully established. A total of 24 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the distal colon of IBS-D rats; 9 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Among them, the most significant upregulation was miR-200a, accompanied by downregulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and serotonin transporter (SERT). MiR-200a mimic markedly inhibited the expression of CNR1/SERT. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay confirmed that CNR1/SERT are direct targets of miR-200a. Rescue experiments that overexpressed CNR1/SERT significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of miR-200a on the IBS-D rats CECs. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that miR-200a could induce visceral hyperalgesia by targeting the downregulation of CNR1 and SERT, aggravating or leading to the development and progression of IBS-D. MiR-200a may be a regulator of visceral hypersensitivity, which provides potential targets for the treatment of IBS-D.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blotting, Western , Colon , Computational Biology , Defecation , Diarrhea , Down-Regulation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epithelial Cells , Hyperalgesia , Hypersensitivity , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Luciferases , Microarray Analysis , MicroRNAs , Models, Animal , Permeability , Peroxidase , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Cannabinoid , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins , Serotonin , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy for acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods We retrieved the databases ofCNKI,VIP,Wanfang,PubMed,EMBase,and Cochrane Library,selected the relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of AP treated with routine western medicine as control group and treated with routine western medicine combined with acupuncture therapy as trial group.And then,the quality of the qualified RCTs was evaluated,and the end-point outcomes of the RCTs were analyzed by Meta-analysis.Results A total of 7 RCTs involving 371 AP patients were included into the analysis.The time for abdominal pain relief(WMD =-1.44;95％CI:-2.38,-0.50),time for abdominal distension relief (WMD =-2.50;5％CI:-4.07,-0.73),time for the restart of anal exhaust(WMD =-1.79;95％CI:-3.73,-0.14),time for defecation (WMD =-1.95;95％CI:-3.51,-0.39),time for the restart of bowel sound(WMD =-1.39;95％CI:-2.44,-0.34),time for blood amylase becoming normal(WMD =-2.09;95％CI:-3.22,-0.96),and hospitalization time (WMD =-3.70;95％CI:-6.04,-1.36) in the trial group were less than those in the control group,and the differences of the above indexes except for the time for the restart of anal exhaust were significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy is effective for improving the gastrointestinal function of AP patients,and shortening time for blood amylase becoming normal and hospitalization time.However,due to the low methodological quality,more well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for AP.
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Silica dioxide bound graphene oxide ( GO-SiO2 ) was applied as an effective adsorbent for determination and quantiflcation of aflatoxin B1 , B2 in edible oil by HPLC. The optimized conditions were GO-SiO2 0. 15 g, extraction time 20 min, elution reagent acetonitrile, elution cycles two times. Results showed under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of aflatoxin B1 , B2 were 0. 17 and 0. 05 μg/L, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the detection of the actual edible oil, the spiked recoveries of aflatoxin B1 and B2 were 81. 4%-105. 3% and the relative standard deviations were 1. 3%-8. 6%.
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A rapid method for authenticity detection of grapeseed oil was proposed based on Ion Mobility Spectrometry ( IMS) . After optimization, the inlet temperature was set at 170 ℃, drift tube temperature was set at 60 ℃. In this method, the oil sample was diluted in hexane (50-fold, V/V) and then directly analyzed in IMS. The detection time was 20 s. To establish an adulteration detection model, recursive Support Vector Machine ( R-SVM) was applied to classifying pure and adulterated grape seed oils. The result of 10-fold cross validation showed that the accuracy of discrimination was up to 91 . 2%. The results in study indicate that IMS method is a new, fast and convenient technique for the adulteration detection of edible oil.
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To evaluate the application of health assessment instruments in Chinese medicine.
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ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the expression of carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4) in pathology negative lymph nodes from patients with gastric carcinoma and micrometastases. MethodsA total of 385 perigastric negative lymph nodes from 65 patients were immunohistochemically stained with tumor-associated glycoprotein by S-P. ResultsThe lymphatic micrometastases of gastric carcinoma were identified in 14 of 65 patients (21.5%) and in 26 of 385 negative-nodes (6.8%). The incidence of micrometastases was significantly higher in patients with diffuse type than intestinal type(35.5% vs. 8.8%,P